Sources of Law in the Islamic Era

Research Abstract

Sources of law in the Islamic era that were applied to different segments of society, whether Muslims or non-Muslims, such as the Copts, alongside customary rules and legislations issued by the ruler. Here is a brief overview of each of them : ⸻ Islamic Sharia . 1 It is the primary source of law in the Islamic state, deriving its rulings from : The Holy Quran The Prophetic Sunnah ) ) Consensus (Ijma Analogical reasoning (Qiyas • • • • It includes rulings related to worship, transactions, punishments, and personal status. It was applied to Muslims and constituted the general framework for legislation . ⸻ Custom . 2 It is what people have traditionally practiced or passed down in their dealings . It is considered complementary to Sharia, provided it does not contradict any religious text • . It was taken into account in certain practical matters, especially in cases where there was no explicit text or where there was disagreement among jurists •Coptic Law (or the laws specific to the Dhimmis . ) 3 Non-Muslims (such as Christians and Jews) were allowed to adjudicate their own laws concerning personal matters like marriage, divorce, and inheritance, within the • . framework of the “Dhimmi” system Their religious particularities were respected, while they adhered to some of the general laws of the Islamic state • . ⸻ Legislation of the Ruler (Royal Decrees or Sharia Governance 4 ) These are the laws and regulations issued by the caliph or ruler to organize the affairs of the state, such as administrative systems, taxes, or security

Research Keywords

Islamic law - custom - Coptic law - legislation of the ruler